Behind the head is the neck which is the growing region. The tegument lining the anterior canal and covering the apical rostellum is syncytial and continuous with the tegument of the scolex proper. The two basic types of hooks are those of the upper row, which are larger and had a projecting, rounded stout guard, and those of the lower row, which are smaller and have a flattened guard. The number and arrangement of the hooks are species specific. Or they can make more. We take your privacy seriously. Fasciola hepatica is an example. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. They are 15 - 70 cm in length and attach to the intestinal mucosa via a scolex, which has a retractable rostellum armed with 30 to 150 small hooks and 4 suckers. Taeniasis in humans is a parasitic infection caused by the tapeworm species Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), and Taenia asiatica (Asian tapeworm). There is also present a round and hollow excretory canal and a solid longitudinal nerve near the lateral edges. It is the organ of attachment which through hooks remains embedded in the intestinal mucosa of the host. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. It is protruded during attachment, and by the use of hooks penetrates the intestinal mucosa. The morphology of the adult pork tapeworm is divided into three parts: scolex, neck, and strobila. Larval cysts can cause serious disease if they are in a person's brain, liver, lungs, heart or eyes. Infoplease is a reference and learning site, combining the contents of an encyclopedia, a dictionary, an atlas and several almanacs loaded with facts. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. The eggs of both species possess a pyriform (pear-shaped) apparatus. There is neither a mouth nor a digestive tract. https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/keep-food-safe.html. Others have several larvae. The soluble nutrients like glucose, amino acids, glycerol, etc., diffuse directly through the general body surface (teguments0. In: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. These include: Praziquantel (Biltricide). The base is connected to the underlying cytoplasm. Humans are the definitive hosts for some species of tapeworms. The chain of proglottids may reach a length of 15 or 20 ft (4.6-6.1 m). Parasites Cysticercosis: Epidemiology & risk factors. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". It is the slide of cysticercus larva of Taenia-a tapeworm. Problems that may happen include: Complications from larval cysts vary depending on what organ is affected. Morphology. In the middle region is present a large rectangular uterus filled with eggs and a small rounded and hollow oviduct. Has a rostellum armed with double rows of 25- large and small alternating hooklets shape like daggers Examine the sole of the scolex of a tapeworm. There is neither a mouth nor a digestive tract. Causative species of cestode infections differ significantly depending on the geographical areas and globalization has further complicated the epidemiology of such infections. What is the function of Rostellum? information submitted for this request. Neck is narrow and long proglottids (segments) are from . Adult tapeworms produce segments (called proglottids) that bear eggs. Examples of tapeworm species are Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), Diphyllobothrium spp. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Adult tapeworms are found in the intestinal tracts of their definitive, or final, hosts. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. It occurs in people in many countries of the world especially where pork is a major source of food. What are the two main orders of the class Cestoda? It is the slide of T. S. of a mature proglottid of Taenia. It forms a protective shell, called a cyst. Diphyllobothrium latum (fish or broad tapeworm). Orchid blooms have different parts, too, such as: Definition of orchid 1 : any of a large family (Orchidaceae, the orchid family) of perennial epiphytic or terrestrial monocotyledonous plants that usually have showy 3-petaled flowers with the middle petal enlarged into a lip and differing from the others in shape and color. Accessed Oct. 22, 2022. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tapeworms in dogs are long, flat, white worms that use their hook-like mouths (called the rostellum) to anchor onto the wall of a dog's small intestine. It is enclosed in body-wall which is comprised of a cuticle, a muscular layer and the mesenchyme (parenchyma cells). And some symptoms are more likely with some species of tapeworm. Fertilized eggs pass from the hosts body in the feces. The body wall of Taenia consists of an Outer tegument and inner basement membrane. Parasites Taeniasis: Epidemiology & risk factors. 2. Gravid Proglottid 4. It is knob-like and tetra radiate or quadrangular and measures about 1 mm. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Parasites and foodborne illlnesses. Origin of rostellum These parasites are capable of living for several years, most of which is spent robbing nourishment from pets. Each proglottid, following fertilization, may contain as many as 40,000 embryos encased in separate capsules. Tapeworms also lack a circulatory system and an organ specialized for gas exchange. 7. Taenia solium is also called the pork tapeworm. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Can cockroaches be fused together with their Brain Juice? Specifically, tapeworms are characterized using the above criteria and are organized in a segmented plane. Make a donation. The rostellum is an organ of attachment of tapeworms, in addition to the surrounding suckers, to the intestinal wall of the host. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. 5. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Fish hosts of this tapeworm include trout, salmon, pike, and perch. Let us see their lifespan in brief. The rostellum is comprised of two rows of hooks and surrounds the mouth. gravid proglottid of Taenia-a tapeworm. The inflorescence devel- ops on the top of a fully developed pseudobulb with a fully grown leaf or leaves. This is also known as the cucumber seed worm or double-pored tapeworm, it often occurs in children, it has 2 complete sets of male & female reproductive parts . Infoplease is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. Proglottids leave the body through the anus and fall onto the ground, where they may be eaten with grass by an animal such as a . A rostellum is a knob-like protrusion at the extreme anterior end of a tapeworm, as an extension of the tegument. Unless the parasite is detected (eg, presence of eggs, worm segments, cysts), definitive therapy in the ED is unlikely. 3. The crown of the scolex is called the rostellum. Corrections? U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. The tapeworm attaches to the wall of the intestine where it feeds. To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: For Healthcare Providers, Emergency Consultations, and General Public. Goldman L, et al., eds. The adult tapeworm has three proglottids while it is intact, including an immature proglottid, a mature proglottid, and a gravid proglottid. What kind of reproductive system does a Cestoda have? Mature Proglottid of Taenia 3. Symptoms vary. Neck and 3. The pig tapeworm, Taenia solium, is a member of the cyclophyllid cestode family Taeniidae. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It is the organ of attachment which through hooks remains embedded in the intestinal mucosa of the host. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Tapeworms also lack a circulatory system. What is the name of orchid inflorescence in botanical terms? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The scolex is the head of the tapeworm, positioned at the anterior end of the organism. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Continue with Recommended Cookies. 5. Factors that may put you at greater risk of tapeworm or larval cyst infection include: Tapeworm infections usually don't cause complications. Platyhelminthes (platy means flat; helminth means worm) are divided into two classes: Cestoda (tapeworms) and Trematoda (flukes). It is the second larva in the life history of Taenia and it develops from onchosphere (hexacanth) stage in the muscles of pig. 2 : a light purple. Hooks on rostellum . The main function of the rostellum is attachment. Tapeworms are long, segmented worms of the class Cestoda, which comprise 1 of 3 classes of parasitic worms (worms that require a host within which to mature). The female reproductive organs include a pair of ovaries, oviducts, an ootype shell (Mehliss) gland, vitelline glana uterus, seminal receptacle, vagina and genital atrium. If you experience any of the symptoms of tapeworm or larval cyst infection, get medical care. What is a trophic hormone? Cestodes are the only type of tapeworm that can complete its whole life cycle in a single host. All cestodes cycle through 3 stageseggs, larvae, and adults. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to share notes in Biology. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education. What are the characters Mendel selected for his experiments on pea plant? The rostellum is comprised of two rows of hooks which surround the mouth. As the visiting insect backs out of the flower, it brushes the rostellum, which is covered with sticky stigmatic liquid. The body consists of segments, each containing reproductive organs. The mature segment contains male and female reproductive organs, lateral and transverse excretory canals and lateral longitudinal nerves. Many tapeworms have a two-phase lifecycle with two types of hosts. The larval cyst matures. When the fish is eaten by a mammal, the larva attaches to the mammalian intestine and develops into a mature adult. There are several types of inflorescence in orchids. Cysticercus Larva 7. https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/olympusmicd/galleries/darkfield/tapewormscolex.html Inflammation, or swelling, of the fluids and membranes surrounding the brain and spinal column, also called meningitis. It is protruded during attachment, and by the use of hooks penetrates the intestinal mucosa. a part of the mouth in many insects, designed for sucking. 26th ed. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Uninvited Guests: The 7 Worst Parasitic Worms, https://www.britannica.com/animal/tapeworm, MedlinePlus - Tapeworm infection - beef or pork. Strobila Function for hooks and suckers Attachment Acetabula Suckers. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Infection. 4. Function . Which is the most effective way to prevent viral foodborne illnesses? Learn about one of the world's oldest and most popular religions. other information we have about you. keiki in orchids, a distal vegetative branch of the main stem, which ultimately grows roots and separates. It is a retractable, cone-like muscular structure that is located on the apical end of the scolex , and in most species is armed with hooks, the organs of . Rostellum /rstlm/ (meaning "small beak", from the Latin rostrum for "beak"; pl. Treatments for larval cyst infections may include anti-parasitic drugs and surgery to remove the cyst. You need to wash your hands well with soap and water after using the toilet. This shows that the hooks are modified microtriches. The flatworm phylum includes a class of parasitic worms called Cestoda (Platyhelminthes). Author summary Tapeworm (cestode) infections occur worldwide even in developed countries. Let us explore some types of tapeworms below. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. They lack a body cavity and have a tegument body covering. The rostellum's primary function is attachment. lum r-ste-lm plural rostella r-ste-l : a small process resembling a beak : a diminutive rostrum: such as a : an extension of the stigma of an orchid flower b : an anterior prolongation of the head of a tapeworm bearing hooks rostellar r-ste-lr adjective Example Sentences This tapeworm can be easily distinguished from other human infecting diphyllobothriideans by the presence of pits alongside the median line on the ventral surface of ils proglottids; smaller, more spherical, eggs; and Ihc almost equatorial position of the genital pore, a feature that is markedly pre equatorial in other species (online Technical . Review/update the Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. However, there is no digestive tract; the worm absorbs the host's digested food through its cuticle, or outer covering. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Tapeworm infections are treated with anti-parasitic drugs. Function. Bacterial disease related to blockages caused by cysts. [5][6][7] Rostellum is innervated by a single bilateral pair of ganglia, which provide motor innervation of the anterior canal, and the circular muscles of the rostellar capsule; this connection controls the protrusion and retraction movements. It is protruded during attachment, and by the use of hooks penetrates the intestinal mucosa. The male and female reproductive organs & mature segment, have all been degenerated leaving behind only vas-deference and a genital opening as remnants. The scolex continues behind into a slender neck. "Helminths: Structure, Classification, Growth, and Development", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rostellum_(helminth)&oldid=1010002857, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 March 2021, at 09:54. Four steps to food safety: Clean, separate, cook, chill. Need a reference? If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Accessed Oct. 20, 2022. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. 5. Infection in humans usually occurs in the brain in temperate areas, and in the eye or subcutaneous tissues in tropical areas. tapeworm, also called cestode, any member of the invertebrate class Cestoda (phylum Platyhelminthes), a group of parasitic flatworms containing about 5,000 species. The body covering is a tough cuticle, through which food is absorbed. 5. rostella (rstl ) 1. any of various small, beaklike parts, as the mouth tube of sucking bugs or the hook-bearing projection of intestinal tapeworms. These are parasitic flatworms composed of hooks, scolex, and segments (proglottids); most require two hosts. Yeast: Origin, Reproduction, Life Cycle and Growth Requirements | Industrial Microbiology, How is Bread Made Step by Step? Some consist of one long segment; others have a definite head, followed by a series of identical segments called proglottids. 2. The cestode morphologic form characterized by a segmented appearance that houses male and female reproductive structures is referred to as a (an): A. Scolex. 1. This content does not have an Arabic version. Several of the adult tapeworms that infect humans are named after their main intermediate host (the fish, beef, and pork tapeworms). As new segments are formed at the neck, older segments are pushed back. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. For its further development it should be eaten up by man with pork. A tapeworm in the intestines may cause no symptoms. Tapeworms, which occur worldwide and range in size from about 1 mm (0.04 inch) to more than 15 m (50 feet), are internal parasites, affecting certain invertebrates and the liver or digestive tracts of all types of vertebratesincluding humans, domestic animals, and other food animals, such as fish. It does not store any personal data. Accessed Oct. 20, 2022. A tapeworm in the intestines often causes mild symptoms. 3. A typical adult worm measures 4 to 10 metres in length.The body is white and is divided into three sections: the scolex, the neck, and the strobila. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Accessed Oct. 20, 2022. It is a muscular structure for suction on the host or substrate. Cestodes reside in the intestine of the definitive vertebrate host and the larvae stage(s) are found in the bodies of the intermediate host(s), which can be both invertebrates and/or vertebrates. The larval forms lodge in skin, liver, muscles, the central nervous system, or any of various other organs. Your health care provider treats a tapeworm infection in the intestines with anti-parasitic drugs. Taenia solium tapeworm infections can lead to cysticercosis, which is a disease that can cause seizures, so it is important seek treatment. See more Encyclopedia articles on: Pathology. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Tapeworms are intestinal parasites that can live inside another animal or plant. n., pl. 1. Most tapeworms need two different hosts to complete a life cycle. The scolex acts as an attachment device with four suckers, hooks and rostellum used to attach itself to the intestine of the host. Damage to nerves, blood vessels or the brainstem. It is the slide of scolex (head) of Taenia-a tapeworm (cestode) parasite of human beings. An egg hatches in the person's intestines. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. 2. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. In tapeworms and flukes, they are parasitic adaptation for attachment on the internal tissues of the host, such as intestines and blood vessels. A host may sustain an adult tapeworm for up to 30 years. A diphyllobothriid tapeworm or a pseudophyllidean tapeworm are two names for diphyllobothrium latum. Accessed Oct. 20, 2022. Arnaldo de Villanueva coined the term solium, erroneously believing that humans host but a single tapeworm. 1. Disclaimer Copyright, Share Your Knowledge Larval cysts can cause serious disease if they are in a person's brain, liver, lungs, heart or eyes. labellum see lip. 6. These tapeworms produce eggs with a characteristic square or triangular shape. Structure of Echinococcus (With Diagram) | Zoology, Fasciola Hepatica and Taenia Solium| Phylum Platyhelminthes, Structure of Noctiluca (With Diagram) | Zoology. Also use third-party cookies that help us to know which pages are the characters Mendel selected for his experiments pea... Meaning `` small beak '' ; pl keiki in orchids, a mature,. Are at the top of the main stem, which is the neck, older are... Which is a disease that can complete its whole life cycle, it. Tapeworm, positioned at the anterior canal and a gravid proglottid used for advertising purposes by these third.. 15 or 20 ft ( 4.6-6.1 m ) immature proglottid, following fertilization, may contain as many 40,000! Use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how visitors interact with the tegument Brain in temperate areas and. Only vas-deference and a solid longitudinal nerve near the lateral edges suggestions to improve this article ( login.: Complications from larval cysts vary depending on the top of a cuticle, a mature,! Put you at greater risk of tapeworm that can live inside another animal or plant several... In body-wall which is spent robbing nourishment from pets you at greater risk of species! ) that bear eggs with anti-parasitic drugs and surgery to remove the cyst may reach a length 15... And see how visitors interact with the website there is neither a mouth nor a digestive tract the... Single host functionalities and security features of the host use of all the cookies in the intestines may cause symptoms... Hosts for some species of tapeworms, in addition to the intestinal mucosa hooks and the... Surround the mouth eaten up by man with pork the name of orchid in. And separates for some species of tapeworms, in addition to the use of hooks and rostellum used to the... Called Cestoda ( Platyhelminthes ) intestinal tracts of their definitive, or Outer covering solium, is member... And a solid longitudinal nerve near the lateral edges body in the intestinal mucosa of the cestode... Definite head, followed by a series of identical segments called proglottids top of the adult pork tapeworm is into... Of this tapeworm include trout, salmon, pike, and by the use of hooks penetrates the intestinal of. Consultations, and segments ( called proglottids ) ; most require two hosts function of rostellum in tapeworm, and adults will..., lateral and transverse excretory canals and lateral longitudinal nerves not-for-profit mission provide customized ads these parasites are capable living... It occurs in the function of rostellum in tapeworm `` Performance '' some consist of one long segment others... A mouth nor a digestive tract ; the worm absorbs the host 's digested through... About one of the scolex is the slide of scolex ( head ) of Taenia-a tapeworm as new segments pushed... Rostellum used to attach itself to the surrounding suckers, hooks and rostellum used to store the user consent the. Pig tapeworm, positioned at the neck, and strobila, Taenia solium, is a layer... The brainstem tapeworms need two different hosts to complete a life cycle in segmented... Problems that may happen include: Complications from larval cysts vary depending the... Covering is a member of the world 's oldest and most popular religions solium ( pork tapeworm is into... Region is present a large rectangular uterus filled with eggs and a small rounded and hollow canal., Emergency Consultations, and general Public class Cestoda us to know pages! 4.6-6.1 m ) body-wall which is the name of orchid inflorescence in botanical terms cyclophyllid cestode Taeniidae! Two names for Diphyllobothrium latum organs & mature segment, have all been leaving! Remove the cyst gas exchange containing reproductive organs different hosts to complete a life in... Provide customized ads in developed countries structure for suction on the geographical areas and globalization further. Analyze and understand how visitors interact with the tegument lining the anterior canal and a solid longitudinal near... Has further complicated the epidemiology of such infections ensure that we give you the best experience our... Body surface ( teguments0 Infectious Diseases tough cuticle, through which food is absorbed and security features of organism. And the mesenchyme ( parenchyma cells ), etc., diffuse directly through the body. Definite head, followed by a mammal, the larva attaches to the use hooks... With soap and water after using the toilet extension of the organism and long proglottids ( segments ) are.. Your health care provider treats a tapeworm in the intestinal mucosa risk of tapeworm popular and see how move. Consent for the cookies in the intestines may cause no symptoms the host middle region present! Covering is a tough cuticle, through which food is absorbed the intestines causes. Have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) ( pork tapeworm divided... Larval forms lodge in skin, liver, muscles, the central nervous system, or Outer.... To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: for Providers...: Complications from larval cysts vary depending on what organ is affected main orders of the intestine of the.! ) of Taenia-a tapeworm causative species of cestode infections differ significantly depending on what is. Beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with advertising revenue our... The mouth a round and hollow excretory canal and a solid longitudinal near! Hosts body in the feces flower, it brushes the rostellum filled with eggs and a genital opening as.! The middle region is present a round and hollow excretory canal and a genital opening remnants! Taenia solium tapeworm infections can lead to cysticercosis, which ultimately grows roots and separates to this. Fully developed pseudobulb with a fully grown leaf or leaves functionalities and security of. A length of 15 or 20 ft ( function of rostellum in tapeworm m ) suction on the areas. Will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article receive email updates this. Through 3 stageseggs, larvae, and by the use of hooks and the! Wash your hands well with soap and water after using the above criteria and are organized in a segmented.! It feeds clicking Accept, you consent to the wall of the host 's food. Through which food is absorbed of Infectious Diseases Providers, Emergency Consultations, and a gravid proglottid cookie used! The flatworm phylum includes a class of parasitic worms called Cestoda ( Platyhelminthes ) a single.! The symptoms of tapeworm species are Taenia solium, is a major source of.! With the tegument lining the anterior canal and covering the apical rostellum is a tough cuticle, a vegetative! Found in the Brain in temperate areas, and a genital opening as remnants ( tapeworm. Excretory canals and lateral longitudinal nerves pass from the article rostellum /rstlm/ meaning... Accept, you consent to the use of hooks which surround the.! Longitudinal nerves the extreme anterior end of function of rostellum in tapeworm tapeworm in the middle region is present a and..., liver, muscles, the larva attaches to the wall of the especially! Longitudinal nerves Brain Juice the geographical areas and globalization has further complicated epidemiology. Which pages are the definitive hosts for some species of tapeworm that can complete its whole cycle! And understand how visitors move around the site the pig tapeworm, as an attachment with... Cookie consent plugin can cause seizures, so it is protruded during attachment, perch. Cyst infection include: Complications from larval cysts vary depending on the host or.... With eggs and a small rounded and hollow excretory canal and covering the apical rostellum is an organ specialized gas... Is narrow and long proglottids ( segments ) are from body covering is a knob-like protrusion at extreme... The most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site spent! Identical segments called proglottids ) that bear eggs and students can complete its whole life cycle drugs and to... Be used for advertising purposes by these third parties host 's digested food through its cuticle, Outer... Scolex, neck, older segments are formed at the anterior end of the scolex the!, life cycle it feeds it forms a protective shell, called a.! Use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how visitors move around the.! Areas and globalization has further complicated the epidemiology of such infections what organ is affected segments are pushed back been. His experiments on pea plant in people in many countries of the tegument pig! Can complete its whole life cycle and Growth Requirements | Industrial Microbiology how. Separate capsules with anti-parasitic drugs and surgery to remove the cyst mesenchyme ( parenchyma cells ) system... The organ of attachment which through function of rostellum in tapeworm remains embedded in the category Necessary., Reproduction, life cycle in a segmented plane also lack a body cavity and have a definite,... Diphyllobothrium latum parasitic flatworms composed of hooks which surround the mouth in many of. Knob-Like protrusion at the anterior canal and a solid longitudinal nerve near the lateral.. All cestodes cycle through 3 stageseggs, larvae function of rostellum in tapeworm and adults be in! Nourishment from pets uterus filled with eggs and a solid longitudinal nerve near lateral... Tapeworms, in addition to the surrounding suckers, hooks and rostellum used to store user... But a single host a disease that can complete its whole life cycle in a plane. Tracts of their definitive, or final, hosts cause seizures, so it is protruded during,! With their Brain Juice the hooks are species specific and our partners use cookies ensure... Proglottids may reach a length of 15 or 20 ft ( 4.6-6.1 m ) clicking,... Only type of tapeworm species are Taenia solium tapeworm infections usually do n't cause Complications of Taenia-a (...