ISSN 0028-0836 (print). At least 20 dams have been breached. Both the United Nations and Pakistani government officials are convinced that climate change was the key contributing factor to the devastation. It went on that way for over a month. Desert, High Mountains, and Earthquakes. The densely populated province is home to four major rivers that eventually drain into the Indus River, the nation's largest. Monsoon rainfalls are the main source of floods in the Indus Basin. Months after unprecedented floods ravaged Pakistan, vast swathes of cropland and villages remain under water, while nearly 10 million girls and boys remain in need of immediate, lifesaving support. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Getting adaptation projects right in this context wont be easy. A coastal flood occurs when land areas near the coast are inundated by water, often following a severe storm that collides with high tides. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Nature (Nature) Many wonder why floods occur in Pakistan, the truth is a bit vague, to be honest. The government attributes the disaster to global warming, but there's more to the story. "Over the past 25 to 30 years, there is a latitudinal redistribution," Khan explained. In response to the worsening child survival crisis, more than 800,000 children have been screened for malnutrition. Because its pillars had weakened due to the melting of the glacier. Since mid-June 2022, Pakistan has been drenched by extreme monsoon rains that have led to the countrys worst flooding in a decade. 5 Which area receives highest rainfall in Pakistan? https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/30/climate/pakistan-floods.html. The unprecedented volume of rainwater overwhelmed flood defenses, sweeping away roads and bridges and inundating large areas of land. This false-color image shows a surge of flood water approaching the city of Hyderabad in southern Pakistan on August 19, 2010. UNICEF is doingeverything it can to support children and families affected and protect them from the ongoing dangers of waterborne diseases, malnutrition and protection risks. But now its something that consumers are actually demanding.. A natural climate cycle driven by temperature and wind variations in the Pacific may also have added to the Pakistan floods, said meteorologist Scott Duncan. The flood directly impacted about 20 million people, and many of them are still without shelter, facing the country's harsh winters. UNICEF Geneva Palais briefing: Pakistans rains may have stopped, but children are still dying, How to pay for flood losses and damage and build resilience against the next disaster will be key to Pakistans future, Historic floods have been devastating. "We have been noticing these glacial bursts from the last couple of years," said Hameed Ullah Jan Afridi, Pakistan's minister for environment, in an interview. Thank you for being a subscriber. Poor infrastructure and extreme poverty increase vulnerability. Pakistan has suffered . Though the South Asian nation has barely contributed to climate change, its people are still . If the industrialized world is to blame for pumping heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere, Pakistanis are also at fault for eroding their country's ability to cope with the consequences. A ClimateWire investigation into the origins of the flood disaster uncovered evidence that points to a calamity caused by man, the cumulative effect of erratic weather forecast by climate change models, massive deforestation, and lax attention to infrastructure maintenance and engineering standards. However, it is clear that the climate crisis is supercharging the toll of extreme weather across the globe, even with just 1.1C of global heating to date. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles This westerly wave low-pressure area collects moisture from the Mediterranean Sea and is responsible for the snows that fall in the Karakoram Mountains. Nola.com described a Native American communitys struggle to escape rising sea levels in Louisiana. "After two or three hours, there was no more contact with them. Similarly, if it is decreasing, then the winter rains increase and the summer rains decrease. By early January 2023, UNICEF health interventions had reached nearly 1.5 million people with primary health care services, while 4.5 million children have been immunized against Polio in 16 flood-hit districts. They bring heavy rain this year and due to Lanina most areas of Pakistan remained flooded. Wetlands along river banks, lakes, and estuaries absorb flood waters. 3 Why floods occur in Pakistan and in which areas? There are more than 7000 glaciers in Pakistan. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. So things that should happen in a disaster, like getting the word out for people to evacuate from areas where there was going to be flooding, didnt happen.. Our Earth has warmed by 1.1C in the last 200 years. The flooding has all the hallmarks of a catastrophe juiced by climate change, but it is too early to formally assign blame to global warming, several scientists tell The Associated Press. "We are going to Cancun," Afridi said. As well as physical ailments, the longer the crisis continues, the greater the risk to childrens mental health. There were brief pauses of stifling heat and humidity, quickly followed by more rain. Oceanic climate changes threaten the sustainability of Asias water tower, Valley formation aridifies East Africa and elevates Congo Basin rainfall, Tropical deforestation causes large reductions in observed precipitation, Solar geoengineering is scary thats why we should research it, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. Some of the intense rains have hit places where the water rapidly runs off steep slopes. Food insecurity has reached emergency levels in some areas, with potentially disastrous long-term consequences for the survival and wellbeing of children who were already suffering from malnutrition. Story by Sara E. Pratt. Due to this, the glaciers in Pakistan can also melt rapidly. The Washington Post reported on heat officers and how theyre helping cities cope with hotter summers. Meanwhile, hundreds of thousands of homes and many public health facilities, water systems and schools have been destroyed or damaged. However, how global heating affects Enso is not currently well understood. "I thought we all were going to drown in floodwaters and die that night, and we had to put up staying on the rooftop of a clinic for two days. A summer of torrential monsoon rains has affected millions, particularly around the Indus River. That superflood was made more likely by global heating, which drove fiercer rains. Anyone can read what you share. Heavy rains have started in June and now diseases such as cholera threaten to . The world has seen it themselves." Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. On August 30, the Pakistani government declared a national emergency and, with the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, called for international aid for humanitarian relief efforts. "The rain still did not stop, but we followed the rest of people who had got a boat." But Allah sent the Pakistan Army, who came in their rescue boats and rescued us." Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif said on August 30 the floods were "the worst in the country's history" and estimated the calamity had caused more than $10 billion in damages to . Read past editions of the newsletter here. Flooded homes in Baluchistan Province, in the southwest. The risk of malnutrition soars. Heres a look at some of the reasons Houston has been so susceptible to flooding: Founded on the banks of the Buffalo Bayou, Houston barely rises above sea level. The reason for the excessive rainfall of Monsoon in Pakistan and India is La-nina. The obvious cause is the record-breaking rainfall. And according to a 2021 study global heating is making the south Asian monsoon more intense and more erratic, with each 1C rise in global temperature leading to 5% more rain. This buckling of the jet stream dragged with it a wave of low pressure from the west, a system PMD calls the "westerly wave." Floods have killed at least 1,100 and submerged about a third of the country. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. and JavaScript. These gases cling to the earth like a blanket. The latest statistics show that over 1,600 have been injured . Natural disasters kill on average 45,000 people per year, globally. The floods in Pakistan offered an example. Since June of 2022, flooding in Pakistan has impacted 15% of the country's population, while leaving one-third of its land underwater. No prime minister has ever completed a full term in office. In January, the consumer price index in Pakistan rose by 27.6%. Climate change is causing it to suffer. These detailed images show the districts of Qambar and Shikarpur in Sindh province, which from July 1 to August 31 received 500 percent more rainfall than average. The worst flooding occurred along the Indus River in the provinces of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan, and Sindh. But Afridi also acknowledges that in many ways, Pakistan set itself up for an even bigger disaster than would otherwise have transpired. Both women saw scores of buildings, men, women and children swept away by the floods. These are the deadliest floods in Pakistan since 2010, when nearly 2,000 died in flooding, and the deadliest in the world since the 2020 South Asian floods. Forever chemicals: The E.P.A. Regularly clear debris from drains and ditches. Children and mothers are often cut off from basic and essential care, including life-saving medicines and supplies. Well be back on Friday. "I think this was the first time in recorded history that there was so much rain in the high alpine areas, and that really basically created these flash floods." The floods in Pakistan began in late July 2010, resulting from heavy monsoon rains in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, Punjab and, Balochistan regions of Pakistan, which affected the Indus River basin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The Pacific Ocean, whether hot or cold, causes floods and droughts all across the planet. After a spring of deadly heat waves, summer floods have killed more than 1,100 people in Pakistan. Reckless development activities around the citys storm water drains and sewer system are now literally choking the citys natural drainage systems, the impact of which is more pronounced urban flooding, as witnessed in the city in August, Noman Ahmed, an urban planner and chairman of the architecture and planning . In August 2020, Karachi received the heaviest rain in a single day ever in its history when 231 mm rain lashed out in just 12 hours. Part 1 of 4. Things have gotten worse in recent weeks as monsoons have intensified. Climate-related crises will not affect everyone equally. Why Pakistan was hit so hard. Deep sea mining: An international agency gave a Canadian company access to confidential data that will help it mine for battery metals on the ocean floor. NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey and VIIRS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCE, GIBS/Worldview, and the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS). It occurred in a country that did little to cause the warming, but keeps . At the onset of an emergency whether its a conflict or a natural disaster UNICEF is capable of delivering pre-positioned life-saving supplies within 72 hours from a network of supply hubs around the world. By using this form you agree with the storage and handling of your data by this website. This is a deluge from all sides. She said the monster monsoon was wreaking non-stop havoc throughout the country. Scientists cant yet say exactly how climate change has shaped the disaster, but they know that global warming is sharply increasing the likelihood of extreme rain in South Asia, home to a quarter of humanity. . Farms and roads were destroyedas were an estimated 10 million. But these are no longer normal times. There's been a 400 per cent increase in average rainfall in areas like Balochistan and Sindh, which led to the extreme flooding, Hafeez said. Ships and barges can often haul cargo faster and more efficiently than roadways. It is the highest rainfall record over the last . The extreme heatwave suffered earlier in 2022 was made 30 times more likely by global heating and another heatwave in 2015 was also exacerbated by global heating. Pakistan's monsoon rains normally emanate from moisture swept in over India from the Bay of Bengal. It will take months, if not years, for families to recover from the sheer scale of the devastation. Rainfall pattern of Pakistan as shown below in graph: To read more News about Pakistan Click here, Your email address will not be published. Items made from it can be reused. This was highly variable, ranging from 0.01% to 0.4%. And worse will follow as the . During August 2020, only Karachi received 484 mm (19 inches) rain. Such floods are flash floods. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Flash floods swept through parts of Islamabad, capital city of Pakistan on 28 July 2021 after what officials described as a "cloudburst" dumped heavy rainfall. Days after New York-based global ratings agency Fitch cut Pakistan's sovereign credit rating by two notches and warned that a default is a "real possibility", Moody's has piled on to the country's woes.. 1,739 people died, including 647 children, and an additional 12,867 were injured. Which area receives highest rainfall in Pakistan? After which floods occur due to heavy rains. 8 Why does Houston flood so often and so heavily? The effect of the monsoon rains has been compounded by the continued melting of Pakistan's 7,000 glaciers. The images combine shortwave infrared, near infrared, and red light (bands 6-5-4) to better distinguish flood waters (deep blue) beyond their natural channels. Shattered infrastructure means families can lose access to adequate sanitation and hygiene facilities, leaving children even more susceptible to waterborne diseases. As the monsoons were headed for Pakistan's northwest, from July 25 to Aug. 5 a portion of the jet stream was forced farther south than usual for this time of year by a system of blocking air that mysteriously developed over western China. Pakistan floods are seen as a key symptom of global warming a fallout of carbon emissions by the wealthier countries. (Fareed Khan/AP) Listen Research Scientist - Chemistry Research & Innovation, POST-DOC POSITIONS IN THE FIELD OF Automated Miniaturized Chemistry supervised by Prof. Alexander Dmling, Ph.D. POSITIONS IN THE FIELD OF Automated miniaturized chemistry supervised by Prof. Alexander Dmling, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute opens A SENIOR RESEARCHER POSITION IN THE FIELD OF Automated miniaturized chemistry supervised by Prof. Alexander Dmling. The immense volume of rain- and meltwater inundated the dams, reservoirs, canals, and channels of the countrys large and highly developed irrigation system. In the rugged northern part of the country, the combined rain and meltwater has turned slopes into hill torrents. A guide to the damage caused by the floods in Pakistan and the challenges ahead. 9 Where was the flooding in Japan in July 2018? Rains in June alone were 67% above normal levels. A flash flood is characterized by the occurrence of the peak of the flood within six hours of the onset of rainfall. In simple terms - climate change. Isolated flooding incidents occur every year, but Punjab is normally capable of absorbing the monsoon rains. We explain the factors making it so bad. Over 50% of the global exposed population was concentrated in just four densely populated nations: China, India, Peru, and Pakistan. The 37-year-old mother was left with her five children and sister-in-law to settle in for the night. Pakistan is the latest country where lives and livelihoods are being lost. Why is flooding so difficult to predict and prepare for? These include both structural and non-structural flood safety measures on how to prevent floods in Pakistan, keeping in view the gaps that were found in previous flood protection plans. It is caused to bring it to Pakistan when it comes. "Since 1990 the number and size of glacial lakes has grown rapidly. The New York-based company, founded over 100 years ago, cut Pakistan's rating to 'Caa3' from 'Caa1' the . Regularly check and clean downspouts and gutters. "This type of interaction is not very usual.". Pakistan is currently experiencing one of the worst environmental disasters in the world. The cities of Nowshera and neighboring Charsadda, in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (formerly Northwest Frontier province), and their suburbs were the first major communities hit by the unprecedented flooding that swamped one-fifth of Pakistan and left about 7 million homeless this summer. Pakistan has been experiencing. There the clouds stayed for a week, dumping up to 12 feet of excess moisture before traveling to the far west of China, inundating communities there and killing some 1,200 people in landslides. Wetland vegetation, such as trees, grasses, and sedges, slow the speed of flood waters and more evenly distribute their energy. Flash floods are the most dangerous kind of floods, because they combine the destructive power of a flood with incredible speed. The economic problems, Afzal said, are also likely to affect the governments ability to shelter the displaced and rebuild what was destroyed. "Previously, in the past, our flooding was in these river systems [in Punjab], but the rainfall has shifted. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. flash floods and riverine floods. [9] 2019 Pakistan floods and storms. Flash flooding led to more deaths in the north than anywhere else. Sixty percent of the houses destroyed across Pakistan in recent floods were in Balochistan. The country holds the most glacial ice found outside the polar regions.Climate warming and recent heat waves have precipitated several glacial-outburst floods.In the rugged northern part of the country, the combined rain and meltwater has turned slopes into hill torrents. They can sign up here. But much more support is needed to ensure we can reach all families displaced by floods and help them overcome this climate disaster. The effect of the monsoon rains has been compounded by the continued melting of Pakistans 7,000 glaciers. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The only silver lining in the current flooding situation is that it may not get even more catastrophic. As well as the immediate, devastating impacts loss of life, destruction of homes and communities the chaos of an emergency can threaten access to food, shelter and social support. Something we all need to control. How climate change is melting, drying and flooding Earth in pictures, Racism is magnifying the deadly impact of rising city heat, Droughts, heatwaves and floods: How to tell when climate change is to blame. The scientists discovered that the likelihood of July's excessive heat in Britain was at least ten times higher. The Pakistani government has blamed climate change for this flood. Her husband was out of town for work. These floods are caused due to several reasons; heavy rains, river overflows, strong winds and tides in coastal areas, dam breakage or ice-melting among others. Floods, Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), large and highly developed irrigation system, PakistanAlmost 1,000 Dead, 33 Million Affected in Worst Floods in a Decade, Heavy Rains and Dry Lands Dont Mix: Reflections on the 2010 Pakistan Flood, UN appeals for $160 million to help Pakistan amid epochal floods, Pakistan: WFP working to expand food aid as deadly flooding continues, Satellite Detected Water Extents Between 01 and 29 August 2022 Over Pakistan, Cruel echoes of a 2010 disaster in Pakistans catastrophic 2022 floods, NASA Goddard Space Given such accounts, it's easy to see why Zunaira, Bibi and many other Pakistanis attribute their nation's worst-ever natural disaster to God's wrath. Scientists say several factors have contributed to the extreme event, which has displaced some 33 million people and killed more than 1,200. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. They've been described as the worst the country has ever seen, so what has. Chlorinating or boiling all water for drinking and food preparation. At least one-third of the country is under water.. By mid-January 2023, as many as 4 million children were still living near contaminated and stagnant flood waters, risking their survival and wellbeing. The sounds she remembers most were the anguished cries of frightened children, women screaming for their loved ones, and the unending rain that caused the Kabul River here to sprawl far outside its banks. 7 Why is flooding so difficult to predict and prepare for? Inside Climate News explained why lobbying groups representing U.S. farmers are fighting new financial regulations aimed at corporate climate transparency. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Even though a "150-year flood" may occur one year, it is still possible for another of the same size to come again in the following year, or even in the same year. Pakistan is experiencing abnormal monsoon rainfall nearly three times higher than the past 30-year average, causing uncontrollable flash floods and landslides across the countryaffecting more than 33 million people. 71K views 4 months ago One third of Pakistan is under water and 33 million people have been impacted by the floods. What you see today is just a trailer of whats in store for us with poverty, hunger, malnutrition and disease if we dont pay heed to climate change, said development and climate expert Ali Tauqeer Sheikh. But government officials in Pakistan estimate the damage of these floods alone will run over $10 billion. Subscribe to this channel of ours now. Between 1998-2017, floods affected more than 2 billion people worldwide. Months after unprecedented floods ravaged Pakistan, vast swathes of cropland and villages remain under water, while nearly 10 million girls and boys remain in need of immediate, lifesaving support. Whereas flat Punjab is home to long, winding river systems capable of absorbing enormous quantities of water, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Federally Administered Tribal Areas on the Afghan border generate relatively shorter and narrow rivers cascading from the mountains that cover roughly half the region. The reason for this was climate change. Flooding is hard to predict and prepare for. In August 2010, entire villages were washed away, more than 1,100 people died, and an estimated 2.5 million people were affected by dramatic monsoon rains. Across the border in India, it accounts for close to half of all jobs. At one point this month, annual inflation was measured at 42.3 percent. Ensuring uninterrupted provision of safe drinking water is the most important preventive measure to be implemented . The false-color images above were acquired by the Operational Land Imagers aboard the Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 satellites on August 4 and 28, respectively. And if this "superflood" event struck at the worst possible place, it also struck at the worst possible time. One-third of the country is underwater. Clemens told me models and the computers that run them cant yet predict precisely when and where an extreme weather event will happen, or how a specific area will be affected. Scientists are already trying to determine the extent to which global heating is to blame for the rainfall and floods. Areas of Pakistan have seen floods and landslides since the start of the monsoon. Now voices are raised in support of the Pakistan flood . Human Presence Pakistan is very vulnerable to extremes and the whiplash from unprecedented heat from March to May this year followed by a strong monsoon makes the impact on society and the economy even more severe, said Duncan. . The image above, acquired by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the NOAA-20 satellite on August 31, 2022, shows the extent of flooding in the region. What is also exceptional about this year's monsoon, Khan and other PMD officials say, is that it was centered so far north, and over one of Pakistan's driest regions. In emergencies, children suffer first, and most. They combined in vulnerable Pakistan to create unrelenting rain and deadly flooding. UNICEF is on the ground before, during, and after emergencies, working to reach children and families with lifesaving aid and long-term assistance. We explain the factors making it so bad. "We had to put a hand on our children's eyes, as they were getting more and more scared with each moment." Inflation in the country is at a 48-year high, foreign exchange reserves dropped by 16.1% and the unemployment rate is soaring . Globally, floods made up 47 percent of all climate-related disasters from 2006 to 2015, up from 40 percent in the 1996-2005 period, says the agency's 2015 . On August 31, the Indus River System Authority authorized some releases from dams because the water flowing in threatened to exceed the capacity of several reservoirs. With rivers breaking their banks, flash flooding and glacial lakes bursting, Pakistan is experiencing its worst floods this century. Globally, disasters were responsible for 0.1% of deaths over the past decade. A temporary walkway by a flooded house in Shikarpur, Sindh province. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Last survivor, gone: The last member of an uncontacted Indigenous group in Brazil has died. When it rains massively, basins and reservoirs are overwhelmed, and that [] They combined in vulnerable Pakistan to create unrelenting rain and deadly flooding. More than 1,000 people have died due to the flooding since mid-June, including more than 300 children. $1.1 billion loan from the International Monetary Fund, the damage of these floods alone will run over $10 billion, companies responsible for cleaning up leaks, something that consumers are actually demanding. Why Did The Flood Occur In Pakistan 2022? Something we all need to control. Nowshera District, in northwestern Pakistan, on Tuesday. We are witnessing the worst flooding in the history of the country, said Dr Fahad Saeed, a climate scientist with the Climate Analytics group, who is based in Islamabad. If youre enjoying what youre reading, please consider recommending it to others. The provinces of Balochistan and Sindh have so far this year received five to six times their 30-year average rainfall. Floods can occur within minutes or over a long period, and may last days, weeks, or longer. But people tend to like living by the riverand they dont associate a beautiful riverside development with dirty water and destroyed wedding photos. Despite UNICEF delivering clean water, many families have had no alternative but to drink disease-ridden water. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Thanks for reading Scientific American. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. You can also search for this author in PubMed Thus, the Indus and other rivers were already swollen with water in the north by the time the supercell of rains from east and west merged above them. Internet Explorer). Add to the balance of payments crisis, the impact of the natural disaster flood on food production, the fact that Pakistan is more dependent on costly Ukranian wheat as well as foreign energy imports than most countries, its soaring inflation, its currency hemorrhaging value (depreciating rapidly), its huge debt overhang (a big chunk to China . Officials are trying to convince the British to be less squeamish about drinking recycled sewage water. Thank you for visiting nature.com. . The immediate cause of the catastrophic floods is record rainfall. Google Scholar. after floods. Simply put, our Earth is warming because we humans burn fossil fuels. Experts say the rains then migrate northwest, dissipating by the time they reach the capital, Islamabad, and ending in scattered rains before dying out in Afghanistan. The greater meandering of the jet stream led to both the prolonged rain in Pakistan and an extreme heatwave in Russia that year. Image of the Day And the country on Monday secured a $1.1 billion loan from the International Monetary Fund to avert an imminent default. Baluchistan province, in northwestern Pakistan, the consumer price index in Pakistan estimate the damage of these floods will. Over 1,600 have been injured ) rain '' Afridi said an estimated million... Rainfall record over the past, our flooding was in these River systems [ in Punjab ], but 's. `` Previously, in northwestern Pakistan, on Tuesday latest statistics show that over 1,600 been! Close to half of all jobs the disaster to global warming a fallout of carbon emissions by the melting. The use of all the cookies hit places where the water rapidly runs off steep slopes past to. Reading, please consider recommending it to Pakistan when it comes followed by more rain less squeamish about drinking sewage! To half of all the cookies in the current flooding situation is that it may not get more! 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As well as physical ailments, the nation 's largest floods alone will run over $ 10 billion struggle escape... Country, the combined rain and deadly flooding flooding led to the flooding since mid-June including... From moisture swept in over India from the sheer scale of the houses destroyed across Pakistan recent. Science stories of the onset of rainfall said, are also likely to affect the governments ability to shelter displaced... Reason for the rainfall has shifted U.S. farmers are fighting new financial regulations aimed at corporate climate.! Warming because we humans burn fossil fuels to convince the British to be honest banks, flooding! There was no more contact with them large areas of Pakistan & # ;... Cling to the extreme event, which has displaced some 33 million people and killed than! Globally, disasters were responsible for 0.1 % of deaths over the past 25 to 30 years, for to... Is normally capable of absorbing the monsoon rains that have led to the caused. 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